UAE Labour Law is the foundation of employee rights and employer responsibilities in the private sector across the United Arab Emirates. For expats working in Dubai, understanding UAE Labour Law is essential for ensuring legal protection, avoiding disputes, and building a sustainable career.
This beginner-friendly guide explains how UAE Labour Law affects daily work life and highlights key areas every expat employee should know.
What is UAE Labour Law?
UAE Labour Law, officially outlined under Federal Decree-Law No. 33 of 2021, regulates employment relationships in the private sector. It covers everything from working hours and salaries to termination procedures and end-of-service benefits.
Whether you’re working in Dubai or any other emirate, UAE Labour Law applies to most private sector employees unless you’re under a free zone authority with its own legal structure.
Who is Covered by UAE Labour Law?
UAE Labour Law governs the rights and obligations of all private-sector employees and employers across Dubai and other emirates, creating a standardized legal framework that supports fair and transparent workplace practices.
- Expatriates working in the private sector
- Employers operating outside of free zones (some zones have their own rules)
- Most professions in industries like hospitality, construction, retail, logistics, and services
Key Features of UAE Labour Law Every Expat Should Know
1. Limited-Term Contracts Only
All employment contracts must now be limited to a maximum of three years. These contracts are renewable. Unlimited contracts have been legally phased out.
2. Standard Working Hours
- The standard workweek is 8 hours per day or 48 hours per week
- During Ramadan, working hours are reduced by 2 hours daily
- Overtime must be compensated according to the law
3. Leave Entitlements Under UAE Labour Law
- Annual Leave: 30 calendar days after 1 year of service
- Sick Leave: Up to 90 days per year, partially paid based on duration
- Maternity Leave: 60 days (45 paid + 15 half-paid)
- Paternity Leave: 5 working days
- Public Holidays: Paid national holidays are granted annually
4. Gratuity Calculation
If an employee completes at least one year of service, they are entitled to end-of-service gratuity:
- 21 days’ basic salary per year for the first five years
- 30 days per year after five years of service
This excludes unpaid leaves and is calculated on the basic salary, not total salary.
5. Probation Period Rules
- Employees in the UAE may be placed on a probation period that can last up to six months, during which both parties can evaluate suitability. This period must be clearly stated in the employment contract and cannot be extended beyond six months.
- Employers must give 14 days’ notice for termination during this period
- Employees must give 30 days’ notice if resigning to join another company in the UAE
Common Everyday Scenarios Where UAE Labour Law Applies
- Requesting annual leave or sick leave
- Understanding working hours and claiming overtime pay
- Receiving salary via Wage Protection System (WPS)
- Knowing your rights during contract termination or resignation
- Avoiding illegal practices like passport withholding or unfair deductions
What to Do in Case of Labour Disputes
If your rights under UAE Labour Law are not being followed:
- Attempt internal resolution with your employer
- File a complaint with MOHRE (Ministry of Human Resources & Emiratisation)
- If the dispute remains unresolved after MOHRE intervention, the matter can be escalated to the Labour Court, where a judge will make a legally binding decision based on the UAE Labour Law and related evidence.
Why Understanding UAE Labour Law is Important
Expats in Dubai benefit significantly from knowing their legal rights. UAE Labour Law ensures fair treatment, transparent communication, and consistent employment practices. From negotiating your salary to managing your notice period, this law is your protection guide throughout your employment journey.
Digital Work Permits and Flexibility in the New UAE Labour Law
One of the standout updates in the modern UAE Labour Law is the introduction of flexible work permits and remote work options. Employees can now work on part-time, temporary, or freelance contracts, giving expats more freedom and legal clarity in managing multiple jobs. This flexibility not only supports freelancers and gig workers but also aligns with the UAE’s push toward a digital and diversified economy. Whether you’re a creative professional, IT specialist, or consultant, the law now provides structures to work across multiple projects — as long as you’re legally licensed and meet MOHRE requirements.
Conclusion
Understanding UAE Labour Law is not only a smart move—it’s your first step toward long-term success in Dubai’s dynamic job market. Whether you’re starting a new job or facing a workplace issue, knowledge of labour rights empowers you to act legally, confidently, and professionally.
Visit MOHRE’s official page on UAE Labour Law
